back
 

Jh history in context of expns ...timeline ... index

Intro: thanks to Jh efforts to illicit sympathy and politically profit from all the (justified) expns and persecutions, a detailed record of those events is available. These publications make every effort to obfuscate the real causes of the expns which this timeline seeks to elucidate. All moral and ethical behavior can be explained through an evolutionary model. Religion is progressing through an excruciatingly slow death spiral of which Jdm is one of its main progenitors and a force of perpetuation.
  • 11600 BCE ... Gobekli Tepe.. one of first post Ice Age / Younger Dryas cities (in Turkey) ... with its evidence of religious references, further documents that relatively modern religious thought existed thousands of years prior to the widely believed 6000 year literal history of the New Testament, Koran, Torah ... etc ...and other like texts. Gobekli Tepe predates Pagan religions by thousands of years and some believe that it establishes the theory that religion induced farming rather than vice versa. Agriculture is credited with the formation of cities. All modern religion can be analyzed and interpreted as mere power machinations of greedy and self-dilluded charlatans who ply their trade on gullible sheep-like citizens who have flocked to cities over the millennia.
  • 11600 BCE DailyMail.uk.. (incorrectly site 12000 BCE) ...Is this the oldest evidence of written language? Pictograms found in ancient Turkish city could be 12,000-years-old Archaeologists unearthed a carving in ancient Turkish city of Göbekli Tepe They say pictograph may be depicting the practice of Neolithic sky burials It shows a human head on the wing of a vulture and a body beneath it They are thousands of years older than other forms of written language
  • Index

     

  • 11600 BCE AndrewCollins.. Göbekli Tepe can be described as sacerdotal, in that it was clearly utilised as a place of veneration and perhaps communication with supernatural entities and domains. This is accepted by the main excavator Dr Klaus Schmidt of the German Aarchaeological Institute of Istanbul. Curiously, in the Turkish language Göbekli Tepe means 'hill of the naval', suggestive of the site's former role as an important religious centre serving a large catchment region...I suspect the original homeland of the incoming shamanic elite was on the Upper Nile in Egypt and the Sudan, where some indication of proto-agriculture was found during the excavation of sites belonging to the Isnan and Qadan peoples of 15,000 to 11,500 years ago. However, today this evidence has been seriously called into question, making a migration route for these people more difficult to establish. I still suspect that the individuals repsonsible for Göbekli Tepe came out of Africa, and migrated into Upper Mersopotamia via what is today the foothills and mountains of northern Israel, southern Lebanon. However, there might also be a link with the Cro-Magnon cave artists of Western Europe, or even incoming peoples from China and South-east Asia (after the work of Stephen Oppenheimer in his book EDEN IN THE EAST (1998)). We should keep an open mind at this time, for evidence of proto-agriculture is emerging earlier and earlier all over the world.
  • Beneath the Pyramids
  • 10000-8000 BCE BibleHistoryDaily.. (incorrect dates) ... The Göbekli Tepe Ruins and the Origins of Neolithic Religion Is Turkey’s “Stonehenge” evidence of the oldest religion in the world? ... Until recently, scholars agreed that agriculture and human settlement in villages gave rise to religious practices. The discoveries at the Göbekli Tepe ruins, however, indicate that earlier hunter-gatherer groups that had not yet settled down had already developed complex religious ideas, together with monumental ceremonial sites to practice the sacred communal rituals of Neolithic religion...stylized human pillars that, as some have suggested, may represent priests, deities or revered ancestors in Neolithic religion. Given that human bones were also been found, others believe the Göbekli Tepe ruins may have been a Neolithic burial ground where funerary rituals and perhaps even excarnations were practiced...
  • 7000 BCE Jpost fgh ..-..unprecedented and well-preserved 7,000-yearold compound recently unearthed in northern Jerusalem from the Chalcolithic period, or Copper Age, proves there was “a thriving settlement in the Jerusalem area in ancient times,” the Antiquities Authority announced on Wednesday. Archaeologists from the authority discovered the remains, dating back to the fifth millennium BCE, ahead of the laying of a road in the Shuafat neighborhood. Be the first to know - Join our Facebook page. According to Dr. Omry Barzilai, head of the authority’s Prehistory Branch, the Chalcolithic period is known in the Negev, the Coastal Plain and the Galilee and on the Golan, but has been almost completely absent in the Judean Hills and Jerusalem. “Although in recent years we have discovered a few traces of Chalcolithic settlements, such as those at Abu Ghosh, Motza junction and the Holyland Compound in Jerusalem, they have been extremely sparse,” he said. “Now, for the first time, we have discovered significant remains from 7,000 years ago.”
  • 5000 BCE Ezzat, Dr. Ashraf.. the earliest vestiges of human faith in God, as we know it today, are to be traced back to the valley of the River Nile and the one between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. We’re surely to find the root of our belief in a supreme creator inscribed, in hieroglyphs and cuneiform, on the pyramids and papyri of ancient Egypt and on the clay tablets of Sumer … And not within the confines of the Hebrew Bible, as many still believe... “A lot of the stories in the Old Testament are in fact plagiarized material, particularly from the rich mythical heritage of the Sumerians – the inventors of writing. The story of Noah and the flood story, the creation of man out of clay, Cain and Abel, the gardens of Eden, the tree of knowledge, creation of Eve from Adams rib, and numerous other myths, like the throwing of Moses in the river after he was born, are all but stories found recorded on Sumerian clay tablets dating 5000 years back in time”
  • 4000 BCE Wikipedia.. Uruk period ... The Uruk period (ca. 4000 to 3100 BC) existed from the protohistoric Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age period in the history of Mesopotamia, following the Ubaid period and succeeded by the Jemdet Nasr period. Named after the Sumerian city of Uruk, this period saw the emergence of urban life in Mesopotamia. It was followed by the Sumerian civilization. The late Uruk period (34th to 32nd centuries) saw the gradual emergence of the cuneiform script and corresponds to the Early Bronze Age; it may also be called the Protoliterate period. It was during this period that pottery painting declined as copper started to become popular, along with cylinder seals
  • 4000 BCE DailyMail.uk.. (misdated) The Golbekli Tepe pictographs...This is the portrayal of a moment - it could be the first example of pictograph. They are not random figures. 'We see this type of thing portrayal on the walls in 6,000-5,000 B.C. in Çatalhöyük [in modern-day western Turkey].'
  • 3761-2001 BCE JhVirtualLibrary..-.. Seth, Enosh, Kenan, Mehalalel, Yered, Noah, Enoch, Methusaleh, Lemech, Shem are all born in this period. The first settlement, Chalcolithic Period created in 3500 BC, Gaza in 3300 BC, Adam died in 2831BC, Old Kingdom Egypt 2700-2400 BC, first houses built in Jerusalem 2500 BC, The Flood 2150, Middle Kingdom 2100-1700 BC. You CAN make this stuff up.
  • 3761 BCE Wikipedia..-.. The Hebrew calendar is based on rabbinic calculations of the year of creation from the Hebrew Masoretic text of the bible. This calendar is used within Jewish communities for religious and other purposes. On the Hebrew calendar, the day begins at sunset. The calendar's epoch, corresponding to the calculated date of the world's creation, is equivalent to sunset on the Julian proleptic calendar date 6 October 3761 BC. The new year begins at Rosh Hashanah, roughly in September. Year anno mundi 5778, or AM 5778, began at sunset on 20 September 2017 on the Gregorian calendar
  • 3500-3000 BCE Wikipedia.... Ancient Mesopotamian religion... refers to the religious beliefs and practices of the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, particularly Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia between circa 3500 BC and 400 AD, after which they largely gave way to Syriac Christianity. A few traces remained among Assyrian communities in isolated pockets of what had been Assyria until the 10th century AD, with the very latest attestation being found in this region in the 16th century AD. The religious development of Mesopotamia and Mesopotamian culture in general was not particularly influenced by the movements of the various peoples into and throughout the area, particularly the south. Rather, Mesopotamian religion was a consistent and coherent tradition which adapted to the internal needs of its adherents over millennia of development.
  • 3500-3000 BCE Ancient History..Writing is the physical manifestation of a spoken language. It is thought that human beings developed language c. 35,000 BCE as evidenced by cave paintings from the period of the Cro-Magnon Man (c. 50,000-30,000 BCE) which appear to express concepts concerning daily life. These images suggest a language because, in some instances, they seem to tell a story (say, of a hunting expedition in which specific events occurred) rather than being simply pictures of animals and people. Written language, however, does not emerge until its invention in Sumer, southern Mesopotamia, c. 3500 -3000 BCE. This early writing was called cuneiform and consisted of making specific marks in wet clay with a reed implement. The writing system of the Egyptians was already in use before the rise of the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3150 BCE) and is thought to have developed from Mesopotamian cuneiform (though this theory is disputed) and came to be known as heiroglyphics.
  • 3300 BCE Wikpedia..-.. Sumerians ...was the first urban civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq, during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze ages, and arguably the first civilization in the world with Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates, Sumerian farmers were able to grow an abundance of grain and other crops, the surplus of which enabled them to settle in one place. Proto-writing in the prehistory dates back to c. 3000 BC. The earliest texts come from the cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr and date back to 3300 BC; early cuneiform script writing emerged in 3000 BC
  • 3200 BCE Ancient History....Uruk... In order to express concepts more complex than financial transactions or lists of items, a more elaborate writing system was required, and this was developed in the Sumerian city of Uruk c. 3200 BCE. Pictograms, though still in use, gave way to phonograms – symbols which represented sounds – and those sounds were the spoken language of the people of Sumer. With phonograms, one could more easily convey precise meaning
  • 3200 BCE Wikipedia.... Piora Oscilation ... was an abrupt cold and wet period in the climate history of the Holocene Epoch; it is generally dated to the period of c. 3200 to 2900 BCE.[1] Some researchers associate the Piora Oscillation with the end of the Atlantic climate regime, and the start of the Sub-Boreal, in the Blytt–Sernander sequence of Holocene climates. ... The phenomenon is named after the Val Piora or Piora Valley in Switzerland, where it was first detected; some of the most dramatic evidence of the Piora Oscillation comes from the region of the Alps.[2] Glaciers advanced in the Alps, apparently for the first time since the Holocene climatic optimum; the Alpine tree line dropped by 100 meters. In the Middle East, the surface of the Dead Sea rose nearly 100 meters (300 feet), then receded to a more usual level. A few commentators have associated the climate changes of this period with the end of the Uruk period, as a Dark Age associated with the floods of the Gilgamesh epic and Noah's flood of the Book of Genesis.
  • 3000 BCE Quatr.... The earliest people ... were all polytheistic: .. From 3000 BC to 539 BC, the Sumerians, the Akkadians, the Assyrians and the Babylonians all worshipped pretty much the same set of gods, despite their cultural differences. The most important of these gods was Ea. Ishtar was the most important goddess. Like the Greek Aphrodite and Demeter, or the Roman Venus and Ceres, or the German Freya, Ishtar was a fertility goddess. The Phoenicians and Canaanites, further west along the Mediterranean coast, were also polytheistic, but they had different gods. Their most important god was Baal, and some reports say that the Phoenicians and Canaanites sacrificed their children to him. Their most important goddess was Astarte, another fertility figure. The Hittites arrived later, around 2500 BC, and had different gods because they were Indo-Europeans, but they were polytheistic too.
  • 2500 BC EveryCulture... Syria ... The modern-day nation emerged from Sham, an area that historically included Jordan, Israel, and Lebanon. Between 2700 and 2200 B.C.E. , this area was home to the Ebla kingdom. Later, the country's strategic location helped its coastal towns rise to prominence as Phoenician trading posts. It was conquered by the Persians around 500 B.C.E. , and by the Greeks in 333 B.C.E. The Romans took over in 64 B.C.E. , and established a fortress at Palmyra whose remains still stand in the desert. Muslim Arabs conquered Damascus in 635 C.E. Beginning in 1095, Syria was a target of the Crusades, but the Arabs ultimately defeated the Christian invaders. The Turkish Ottoman Empire took control in 1516 and ruled the area for four hundred years. That era came to an end in 1920 with the end of World War I, when the French took control of Syria and Lebanon.
  • 2500 BC RT... 4,500yo ‘fashionable’ male skeleton wearing jewelry found in Turkey ... Archaeologists have uncovered a 4,500-year-old skeleton wearing jewelry from an early Bronze Age village in Turkey. The site has also revealed female skeletons were buried with weapons. The discovery was made in the northern Turkish province of Corum, at the excavation site of the Ugurludag village of Resuloglu. The village is believed to have continued to be inhabited up to the Ottoman period. ... Archaeologists have determined the village’s residents were skilled at mining and agriculture, based on the clay and metal artefacts found there. The people are believed to have been Caucasian and of Mesopotamian origin.
  • 2400-2300 BC Wikipedia... Pyramid Texts...are a collection of ancient Egyptian religious texts from the time of the Old Kingdom. Written in Old Egyptian, the pyramid texts were carved on the walls and sarcophagi of the pyramids at Saqqara during the 5th and 6th Dynasties of the Old Kingdom. The oldest of the texts have been dated to between ca. 2400–2300 BC. Unlike the later Coffin Texts and Book of the Dead, the pyramid texts were reserved only for the pharaoh and were not illustrated. Following the earlier Palermo Stone, the pyramid texts mark the next-oldest known mention of Osiris, who would become the most important deity associated with afterlife in the Ancient Egyptian religion
  • 2345-2333 BCE FreeThoughtNation... an Arab-Egyptian archaeologist inside the pyramid of King Teti (c. 2345-2333 BCE), where early inscriptions of the ancient Egyptian sacred writings called the Pyramid Texts can be found, makes the following remarks: “Everybody was believing he will stand in front of [the] gods, and he swears, ‘I am [an] honest guy. I didn’t do anything bad to my neighbors. I never polluted the River Nile water. I never looked at my neighbor’s wife… At the end they are weighing his heart, and if he’s a good guy, he will go to paradise. If he’s a bad guy, [he’ll] have to get punished.” The host comments, “So the same idea of sin existed here in the Egyptian times as it does later in Christian and all the other – “ The archaeologist responds, “I believe that religion is just one tree, and we have many branches – Islam, Christianity, and Jews – so it is a main tree. Here are the roots.”
  • 2600 BCE Haaretz -... How the Jews Invented God, and Made Him Great The God of the Old Testament started out as just one of many deities of the ancient Israelites. It took a traumatic crisis to make him into the all-powerful creator of the world. ... Modern biblical scholarship and archaeological discoveries in and around Israel show that the ancient Israelites did not always believe in a single, universal god. In fact, monotheism is a relatively recent concept, even amongst the People of the Book.... The first clue that the ancient Israelites worshipped gods other than the deity known as Yhwh lies in their very name. “Israel” is a theophoric name going back at least 3200 years, which includes and invokes the name of a protective deity. Going by the name, the main god of the ancient Israelites was not Yhwh, but El, the chief deity in the Canaanite pantheon, who was worshipped throughout the Levant. In other words, the name "Israel" is probably older than the veneration of Yhwh by this group called Israel, Römer says. “The first tutelary deity they were worshipping was El, otherwise their name would have been Israyahu.”
  • 2000-587 BCE JhVirtualLibrary -... Old Babylonian period 2000-1750 BC, Il's Patriarchal period 2000-1700 BC, Old Assyrian period 1900-1400 BC, Abraham born 1813 BC, famine forces Ilites to migrate to Egypt 1850/1750/1700 BC, Tower of Babel 1765, Origin of Abrahamic covenant 1743, New Kingdom period in Egypt 1570-1085, Joseph born of Jacob's favorite wife Rachel and fathered two of the twelve tribes and sold into slavery 1546 BC, Joseph becomes viceroy of Egypt 1532, Hebrews enslaved in Egypt 1429 BC after Joseph dies, Moses at 21 sees burning bush 1314 BC, Mosaic period 1300-1200 BC, Exodus from Egypt 1280 BC, Sea Peoples invade Egypt and Syro-Palestine 1200 BC, Phillistines take over Gaza, call Philistia from which modern name Palestine is derived 1100 BC, David conquers Jerusalem 1010-970 BC, Solomon builds first Temple 970-931 BC, Northern ( Il) splits from southern kingdom (Judah) 931 BC, Neo-Assyrian period 900-612, Norther Kingdom destoryed by Assyrians and 10 Lost Tribes exiled, neo Babylonian (Chaldean) period 612-538, Southern Kingdom and First Temple destroyed 587/586 BC, first Jws return from Babylon after 70 years of exile 541 BC, Persians conquer Babylonian Empire 539 BC
  • 2000 BCE.. Greek Mythology began around 2000 ... are the beliefs and ritual observances ...mythology had become fully developed by about the 700s BC.,
  • 1900 BCE Wikipedia .....-..Zoroastrianism ... (had a significant influence on Jdm and monotheism) ... The roots of Zoroastrianism are thought to have emerged from a common prehistoric Indo-Iranian religious system dating back to the early 2nd millennium BCE. The prophet Zoroaster himself, though traditionally dated to the 6th century BC, is thought by many modern historians to have been a reformer of the polytheistic Iranian religion who lived in the 10th century BC. Zoroastrianism as a religion was not firmly established until several centuries later. Zoroastrianism enters recorded history in the mid-5th century BCE. Herodotus' The Histories (completed c. 440 BCE) includes a description of Greater Iranian society with what may be recognizably Zoroastrian features, including exposure of the dead.
  • 1948 BCE JhBubba -..Abraham born, This is in the 2nd Millennium , son of Terah, Left Ur, (Iraq) of the Chaldees and lived among the Canaanite and Philistine people. Visited Egypt, lived in Hebron.
  • 1792 BCE Duckster -..Rise of the Babylonians and King Hammurabi The city of Babylon had been a city-state in Mesopotamia for many years. After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, the city was taken over and settled by the Amorites. The city began its rise to power in 1792 BC ..the Hammurabi eventually conquered all of Mesopotamia including much of the Assyrian lands to the north. For the first time in history laws were written as inscriptions in clay tablets and tall pillars of stones called steles.
  • 1595 BCE Duckster -..After death of Hammurabi, the empire was conquered by the Kassites who would rule for 400 years until the Assyrians took control, eventually in 612 BC regained its power and was known as Neo Babylonia in 616 under King Nabopolassar and son Nebuchandnezzar II, which included conquering and enslaving the Hebrews for 70 years, and then fell again in 529 BC when it was conquered by the Persians.
  • 1350 BCE YouTube -..Monotheism, Akenaken, 30 min into video
  • 1314 BCE Wikipedia .....-..Zohar... While the traditional majority view in religious Jdm has been that the teachings of Kabbalah (lit. "tradition") were revealed by God to Biblical figures such as Abraham and Moses and were then transmitted orally from the Biblical era until their redaction by Shimon bar Yochai, modern academic analysis of the Zohar, such as that by the 20th century religious historian Gershom Scholem, has theorized that De Leon was the actual author. Moses at 21 sees burning bush 1314 BCE ... Origin of Abrahamic covenant 1743 BCE ... Gershom Scholem: was a German-born Israeli philosopher and historian. He is widely regarded as the founder of the modern, academic study of Kabbalah, becoming the first Professor of Jewish Mysticism at Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[1] His close friends included Walter Benjamin and Leo Strauss, and selected letters from his correspondence with those philosophers have been published. Scholem is best known for his collection of lectures, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism (1941) and for his biography Sabbatai Zevi, the Mystical Messiah (1957) Wikipedia ...Scholem wrote his doctoral thesis on the oldest known kabbalistic text, Sefer ha-Bahir.
  • 1210 BCE Haaretz -..The first mention of the Israelite tribe itself is a victory stele erected around 1210 BCE by the pharaoh Mernetpah (sometimes called "the Israel stele"). These Israelites are described as a people inhabiting Canaan. ... The Bible is quite explicit about the geographical roots of the Yhwh deity, repeatedly linking his presence to the mountainous wilderness and the deserts of the southern Levant. Judges 5:4 says that Yhwh “went forth from Seir” and “marched out of the field of Edom.” Habbakuk 3:3 tells us that “God came from Teman,” specifically from Mount Paran. All these regions and locations can be identified with the territory that ranges from the Sinai and Negev to northern Arabia. How exactly the Shasu merged with the Israelites or introduced them to the cult of Yhwh is not known, but by the early centuries of the first millennium, he was clearly being worshipped in both the northern kingdom of Israel and its smaller, southern neighbor, the kingdom of Judah.
  • 1000 BCE Katehon How Persia created Jdm ... A World State and Religion The archaeological record to date reveals negligible evidence for specifically Iranian culture. J Blenkinsopp, Persia and Torah (ed J W Watts) The Persians were already acculurized to the Akkadian culture of the Two Rivers by the time they took on the Babylonian mantle. The Aramaean culture of Syria, at the beginning of the first millennium BC, was merging with the more warlike countries to the east, first the Assyrians and Babylonians, then the Persians and Scythians to form a world state with Aramaic as its language. By the eighth century BC, the Assyrians controlled the area. The spoken language of the Assyrian court and its bureaucracy was Aramaic—the lingua franca of the ancient near east. The reasons for the spread of the Aramaic language were not only the expansion of the Aramaeans themselves into the Fertile Crescent, about the beginning of the first millennium BC. It coincided with the political expansion of the Assyrian Empire, with the consequent mixture of the political term “Assyrian” and the linguistic term “Aramaic speaker”. The Assyrian state had a policy of transfering populations, notably in the eighth century BC under Sargon II and Tiglath-Pileser III. Many defeated and captured people were moved, and Assyrians were also settled as colonists all over the ancient near east within the Assyrian hegemony. The use of the term “Assyrian” for “Aramaean” is even found in the sixth century AD when the Talmudic rabbis speak of their Aramaic alphabet as “Ashuri”. The Aramaic language spoken and written all over the ANE came to be called Syriac in the West or Assyrian (Asori) in the East. In the second century AD, the satirist, Lucian of Samosata (in Syria), wrote a book in Greek, De Syria Dea (The Syrian Goddess). Lucian calls the people of Syria by the term Assyrian, and vice versa:
  • 800 BCE Haaretz -..As the Yhwh cult evolved and spread, he was worshipped in temples across the land. Early 8th-century inscriptions found at Kuntillet Ajrud probably refer to different gods and cultic centers by invoking “Yhwh of Samaria and his Asherah” and “Yhwh of Teman and his Asherah.” Only later, under the reign of King Josiah at the end of the 7th century BCE, would the Yhwh cult centralize worship at the Temple in Jerusalem.
  • 720 BCE Haaretz -.. many scholars agree that Yhwh became the main god of the Jews only after the destruction of the kingdom of Israel by the Assyrians, around 720 BCE. How or why the Jews came to exalt Yhwh and reject the pagan gods they also adored is unclear. We do know that after the fall of Samaria, the population of Jerusalem increased as much as fifteenfold, likely due to the influx of refugees from the north. That made it necessary for the kings of Judah to push a program that would unify the two populations and create a common narrative. And that in turn may be why the biblical writers frequently stigmatize the pagan cultic practices of the north, and stress that Jerusalem alone had withstood the Assyrian onslaught – thereby explaining Israel's embarrassing fall to Assyria, while distinguishing the prominence and purity of Judahite religion. read more: https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/archaeology/.premium-1.723616
  • 720 BCE Haaretz -.. Persians called Cyrus “Father”, Greeks “Lord” or “Master”, and “Law-Giver”, and Jews called him “Messiah”. Greek writers like Aeschylus depict the Persian king as a god, and Curtius Rufus has a sycophant encouraging Alexander the Great to accept divine honours by assuring him the Persians had worshipped their kings among the gods. It was not true. They did not and no Persian king claimed to be a god, but they did like to depict themselves as god-like. They had a doctrine equivalent to the divine right of kings. The shah had divine authority. He was king by virtue of God's will. He was God's chosen one, and held his hand. Shahs were God’s regent on earth, and if that meant some people thought they were an angel of God, doubtless they would be hardly likely to send an envoy to correct their misconception. They showed themselves larger than men and, as it were, conversing with God. To justify it, they propagagted monotheism in the lands they conquered. The shah ruled with divine authority, and that authority was that of God—one single monotheistic God. For Persians, Ahuramazda was the only true god, and each subject nation had to have an equivalent of Ahuramazda to be able to confirm the shah as the King of Kings—the Shahanshah.
  • 612 BCE Duckster -..After death of Hammurabi, the Babylonian empire was conquered by the Kassites who would rule for 400 years until the Assyrians took control, eventually in 612 BC regained its power and was known as Neo Babylonia in 616 under King Nabopolassar and son Nebuchandnezzar II, which included conquering and enslaving the Hebrews for 70 years, and then fell again in 529 BC when it was conquered by the Persians.
  • 607 BCE Wikipedia .. The Torah ("instruction, teaching") (written between 7th and 4th century BCE) is the central reference of Jdm. It has a range of meanings. It can most specifically mean the first five books (Pentateuch) of the 24 books of the Tanakh, and it usually includes the rabbinic commentaries (perushim). The term "Torah" means instruction and offers a way of life for those who follow it; it can mean the continued narrative from Book of Genesis to the end of the Tanakh, and it can even mean the totality of Jewish teaching, culture and practice. Common to all these meanings, Torah consists of the origin of Jewish peoplehood: their call into being by God, their trials and tribulations, and their covenant with their God, which involves following a way of life embodied in a set of moral and religious obligations and civil laws (halakha). ... According to rabbinic tradition, all of the teachings found in the Torah, both written and oral, were given by God through the prophet Moses, some at Mount Sinai and others at the Tabernacle, and all the teachings were written down by Moses, which resulted in the Torah that exists today. According to the Midrash, the Torah was created prior to the creation of the world, and was used as the blueprint for Creation.
  • 607 BCE GotQuestions .. "What was the Babylonian captivity/exile?" Answer: The Babylonian captivity or exile refers to the time period in Israel’s history when Jews were taken captive by King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon. It is an important period of biblical history because both the captivity/exile and the return and restoration of the Jewish nation were fulfillments of Old Testament prophecies. God used Babylon as His agent of judgment against Israel for their sins of idolatry and rebellion against Him. There were actually several different times during this period (607-586 B.C.) when the Jews were taken captive by Babylon. With each successive rebellion against Babylonian rule, Nebuchadnezzar would lead his armies against Judah until they laid siege to Jerusalem for over a year, killing many people and destroying the Jewish temple, taking captive many thousands of Jews, and leaving Jerusalem in ruins. ... Under the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar II, the Babylonian Empire spread throughout the Middle East, and around 607 B.C., King Jehoiakim of Judah was forced into submission, becoming a vassal to Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 24:1). It was during this time that Nebuchadnezzar took many of the finest and brightest young men from each city in Judah captive, including Daniel, Hananiah (Shadrach), Mishael (Meshach) and Azariah (Abednego). After three years of serving Nebuchadnezzar, Jehoiakim of Judah rebelled against Babylonian rule and once again turned to Egypt for support. After sending his army to deal with Judah’s revolt, Nebuchadnezzar himself left Babylon in 598 B.C. to deal with the problem. Arriving in Jerusalem around March of 597 B.C., Nebuchadnezzar laid siege to Jerusalem, taking control of the area, looting it, and taking captive with him Jehoikim’s son, Jehoiachin, his family, and almost all of the population of Judah, leaving only the poorest people of the land (2 Kings 24:8-16).
  • 607 BCE Iran Chamber.. "What
  • 598 BCE The Historical Reference Book ... A Chronological Table of Universal History
  • 598 BCE Wikipedia ... ..-.. Reign of Jehoiachin (reigned 3 months). Siege and fall of Jerusalem. Second deportation, 16 March 597 ... Siege and fall of Jerusalem. Solomon's Temple destroyed. Third deportation July/August 587 ... 539 Persians conquer Babylon (October)
  • 588 BCE Wikipedia .....-.. Siege and fall of Jerusalem. Solomon's Temple destroyed. Third deportation July/August 587 ... 539 Persians conquer Babylon (October)
  • 580 BCE Darkmoon Babylon/Judea “Nebuchadnezzar conquers Judea, burns Temple”
  • 580 BCE Facebook ... ..-.. ...This is a typical line of thought for Jws who seek to exploit expns:"This is tragic but also a testimony to our endurance! Historically, those who survive conquest assimilate into the society by which they are conquered. But can you think of a people that has been more hated and persecuted than the Jws but that still has survived?" in context of Babylon/Judea “Nebuchadnezzar conquers Judea, burns Temple”
  • 530 BCE... Cyrus the Great (d. c.530 bc), king of Persia 559–530 bc and founder of the Achaemenid dynasty, father of Cambyses. He defeated the Median empire in 550 bc and went on to conquer Asia Minor, Babylonia, Syria, Palestine, and most of the Iranian plateau.
  • 538 BCE - 70 CE JhVirtualLibrary -... Persian Period 538-333 BC, Edict of Cyrus (first return from Exile) 538 BC, notion of a messiah develops 500 BC, Torah begins to gain recognition as Scripture 450 BC, Purim celebrated 425 BC, Coming of Rome to eastern Mediterranean 230-146 BC, Prophets recognized as Scripture 201 BC, Jh Maccabean revolt against restrictions on practice of Jdm 166-160, Jh Qumran community 200 BC - 135 CE, Selicid (King of Syria) plunders Jerusalem 175 BC, Jh Maccabean revolt against restrictions on practice of Jdm and desecration of the Temple 166-160 BC, Jh autonomy under Hasmoneans 142-129 BC, Rome (Pompey) annexes the land of Il 63 CE, First Jh Revolt against Rome 66-73 CE, Vespasian gives Yochanan ben Zakkai permission to establish a Jh center for study at Yavneh that will become the hub for rabbinic Jdm 69 CE, Destruction of the Second Temple 70 CE...
  • 539 BCE Wikipedia ... Return of Zion, refers to the event in the biblical books of Ezra-Nehemiah in which the Jews returned to the Land of Israel from the Babylonian exile following the decree by the emperor Cyrus the Great, the conqueror of the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 539 BCE, also known as Cyrus's edict. The term was first coined after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. The biblical meaning of the return to Zion, aliyah, was borrowed later from the ancient event and was adopted as the definition of all the immigrations of Jews to the Land of Israel and the State of Israel in modern times. The period between the return to Zion and the modern one consisted of several attempts of small groups to immigrate to the Land of Israel, and this period could be roughly divided into two categories: one for the aliyah during the Middle Ages and during the period of Renaissance, and the other for the Aliyah during the modern era (18th century and at the beginning of the 19th century).
  • 529 BCE Duckster -..After death of Hammurabi, the Babylonian empire was conquered by the Kassites who would rule for 400 years until the Assyrians took control, eventually in 612 BC regained its power and was known as Neo Babylonia in 616 under King Nabopolassar and son Nebuchandnezzar II, which included conquering and enslaving the Hebrews for 70 years, and then fell again in 529 BC when it was conquered by the Persians.
  • 510 BCE... the Classical period, sometimes called the Hellenic period, corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (the most common dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC).
  • 440 BCE Wikipedia .....-..Zoroastrianism ... (had a significant influence on Jdm and monotheism) ... The roots of Zoroastrianism are thought to have emerged from a common prehistoric Indo-Iranian religious system dating back to the early 2nd millennium BCE. The prophet Zoroaster himself, though traditionally dated to the 6th century BC, is thought by many modern historians to have been a reformer of the polytheistic Iranian religion who lived in the 10th century BC. Zoroastrianism as a religion was not firmly established until several centuries later. Zoroastrianism enters recorded history in the mid-5th century BCE. Herodotus' The Histories (completed c. 440 BCE) includes a description of Greater Iranian society with what may be recognizably Zoroastrian features, including exposure of the dead.
  • 331 BC... Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great himself in 331 BCE and very quickly became the center of commerce and culture of the Hellenistic world under the Ptolemies.
  • 323 BC Hellenistic Age is a period in history defined as the time between the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of Roman domination. During this time, Greek culture was dominant throughout the Mediterranean, thus the name Hellenistic, which is derived from the Greek "Hellas" which means Greece.., After Alexander (died in 323 BC) who built an empire that stretched from Greece all the way to India. and Asia.... During the Hellenistic period (Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt 30 BC) .the importance of Greece proper within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The great centers of Hellenistic culture were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria respectively.... "Hellenists" and "Hebrews." ... The Hebrews were Jewish Christians who spoke almost exclusively Aramaic, and the Hellenists were also Jewish Christians whose mother tongue was Greek. They were Greek-speaking Jews of the Diaspora, who returned to settle in Jerusalem....
  • Hellenism, refers to the spread of Greek culture that had begun after the conquest of Alexander the Great in the fourth century, B.C.E. .. Hellenistic Age is a period in history defined as the time between the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of Roman domination. During this time, Greek culture was dominant throughout the Mediterranean, thus the name Hellenistic, which is derived from the Greek "Hellas" which means Greece.., After Alexander (died in 323 BC) who built an empire that stretched from Greece all the way to India. it changed the world: It spread Greek ideas and culture from the Eastern Mediterranean to Asia.... During the Hellenistic period (Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt 30 BC) .the importance of Greece proper within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The great centers of Hellenistic culture were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria respectively.... "Hellenists" and "Hebrews." ... The Hebrews were Jewish Christians who spoke almost exclusively Aramaic, and the Hellenists were also Jewish Christians whose mother tongue was Greek. They were Greek-speaking Jews of the Diaspora, who returned to settle in Jerusalem....
  • 414 BC BibleHub ... Jews established their presence in Alexandria in 414 BC... later: Expulsion of Jews from Alexandria more below ... the expulsion initiated by a spat between Christians and Jews on differences between observance of the Sabbath...but in deeper terms other forces at play....
  • 336-332 BCE Greek Linguistics ..—in only 13 years—Alexander used the forces of the tiny nation of Macedonia to topple the world order and dominated the seemingly almighty Persian Empire which had stretched from near India to the very borders of Greece.1 He managed to establish the most extensive empire the world had ever known—an empire stretching from Greece through what had been Egypt, Judea, Samaria, Syria, Babylon, Persia, and Afghanistan, to reach the western edge of India. He was relentless, stopping at nothing to get what he wanted.2 He died at the age of 32 ... The new culture that emerged as a result of Alexander’s conquests became known as ‘Hellenism’. (The Greeks were called Hellens.) This new culture—a blend of (1) Greek education and emphasis on the arts with (2) elements from the oriental cultures which Alexander conquered—would continue even into the period after the Roman conquest of the Greek empire. The Romans would continue to foster Greek culture in the areas of the eastern Mediterranean under their control.
  • 300 BCE Roman Empire (c. 300 BCE to 300 CE)...
  • 250 BCE Greek Linguistics Roma... In the years under Greek rule the world of the Jewish people would begin a process of change that would arguably be the most radical yet. The clear influence of Greek values, architecture, commerce, and language can be seen beginning in this period even in Judea. Many people began to give their children Greek names, and local styles of art and architecture began to imitate Greek models. Even some of the Jewish High Priests took Greek names. Outside Judea Greek would become the lengua franca of the Jewish communities, and the Septuagint translation of Bible would be produced (perhaps as early as 250 BCE) to meet the needs of those communities..
  • 198 BCE Greek Linguistics .. The Hellenistic Kingdoms ...When Alexander died, his empire was divided among his five generals. Of these, two will concern us. Ptolemy (pronounced TOE-lemee) gained control of Egypt (along with most of the rest of north Africa), most of what would later be called Palestine, and the Mediterranean Sea. He established the Ptolemaic dynasty. Seleucus got Syria and most of the northern half of Alexander’s empire and established the Seleucid dynasty. In 198 BCE, the Seleucid ruler, Antiochus of Syria took the Jewish kingdom away from the Ptolemies.3
  • 175 BCE Greek Linguistics .. The Hellenistic period... Antiochus IV (who called himself Epiphanes—“God manifest”) took power in 175 BCE, 30 years after the Seleucid conquest of what would later be known as Palestine.4 He had ambitions of reestablishing Alexander’s empire under his own rule, and had little regard for the religion of the Jewish people.
  • 135 BCE EretzY Il .....-..Antiochus Epiphanes desecrates Second Jh Temple; leading to Hasmonean Revolt against the Greeks. 
  • 38 BCE Darkmoon “Alexandria, Egypt” Mob Attacks
  • 3 BC Darkmoon Egypt exp
  • Common era C. E.
  • 1st Century CE ... Christianity and Hellenistic philosophy refers to the complex interaction between Hellenistic philosophy and early Christianity during the first to fourth centuries.
  • 1st Century Wikipedia ... Bahir or Sefer HaBahir ... is an anonymous mystical work, attributed to a 1st-century rabbinic sage Nehunya ben HaKanah (a contemporary of Yochanan ben Zakai) because it begins with the words, "R. Nehunya ben HaKanah said". It is also known as Midrash of Rabbi Nehunya ben HaKanah. It is an early work of esoteric Jewish mysticism which eventually became known as Kabbalah. ... Talmudic era, from the 1st to the 10th centuries AD, the center of the Jewish world was in the Middle East, primarily in the Talmudic Academies of Babylonia and Israel...
  • 29 CE SimpletoRemeber -..(expns)Pilate (Procurator of Judea 26-36 C.E.), who had been sent as procurator into Judea by Tiberius, sent those images of Caesar called standards into Jerusalem by night. This aroused a very great tumult among the Jws when day broke, for those who were near them were astonished at the sight of the images as indications that their law was trampled underfoot, for those laws do not permit any sort of images to be brought into the city ... Florus persuaded Nero to strip the Jws of Caesarea of their citizenship, making them effectively aliens in the city and totally at the mercy of the Greco-Roman population. The Jws revolted, and their protest was viciously put down with many people killed and synagogues desecrated. The pogrom spread to other cities where the Hellenized population seized the opportunity to get rid of the Jws - Jh homes were invaded, looted and burned down. Jh refugees, vowing vengeance, began to stream into Jerusalem. But Florus only escalated the conflict, first by giving Roman soldiers free rein to massacre more than 3,600 Jws who had jeered him, and then by arresting Jh elders, having them publicly flogged and crucified.
  • 39 CE SimpletoRemeber -... Gaius Caesar…represented himself as a god and desired to called so….He sent Petronius ( governor of Syria 39-41 C.E.) with an army to Jerusalem to place his statue in the Temple and command him that in case the Jws would not admit them, he should kill those who opposed it and carry all the rest of nation away into captivity... The Hellenized gentiles ... [who] constituted the local civil service and the tax collectors ... were notorious in their anti-Semitism ... Foolishly, Rome insisted on drawing its Judaean procurators from Greek-speaking gentile areas - the last and most insensitive of them, Gessius Florus came from Greek Asia Minor.”
  • 50 CE Wikipedia -...Christianity ... Christianity is an outgrowth of Jdm and began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century.[11][12] Originating in Judea, it quickly spread to Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Egypt, Ethiopia and India, and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire. Following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization. Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization
  • 66 CE JhVirtualLibrary -...The Great Revolt against Rome ... mistake to try to throw off Roman rule?... to escape onerous Roman tax collection, by the Zealots (see Caligula, Roman emporer who the Jws refused to recognize as a deity) who fought also against Jws who collaborated with Rome. Caligula threatened to destroy the Temple and massacre all Jws but died before he could carry this out, ... the period marked with acidic hatred of Jws / Jdm... and favoritism of Gentiles. In 66 Florus stole vast quantities of silver from the Temple, which outraged Jws who massacred a small Roman garrison stationed in Jerusalem and another larger garrison, which mistakenly emboldened them to think they could defeat Rome, the Romans returned with 60,000 heavily armed and seasoned soldiers killing and enslaving 100,000 Jws, The Jh leadership in Jerusalem did almost nothing hoping to limit their losses, the revolters then killed all the Jerusalem Jh leaders who did not help in the Roman revolt, the revolters also burned Jerusalem's backup food supply further axascerbating the catastophe, then, in the summer of 70, the Romans completely eviscerated the Jws and destroyed the Second Temple, an estimated one million Jws died, all this leading to the total loss of Jh authority in Il until 1948.
  • 66 CE Commentary Mag -... The events in Palestine during the great revolt against the Romans in 66-73, culminating, although not ending, in the capture of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Temple in the year 70, constitute one of the most heroic chapters in Jh history. It has nevertheless been unfortunate in its chroniclers. We are informed of these events in considerable detail by Josephus, who although writing for a Roman public was unable to conceal completely his admiration for the heroism of his fellow countrymen. But Josephus was a quisling, who had betrayed his people and deserted to the side of the conqueror, and was deeply concerned both to justify his own action and to adulate his patrons. He therefore was driven to denigrate his former Jh associates, whom he depicts as ambitious cutthroats, fiercely quarreling among themselves for supremacy even when the enemy was at the gates. Other episodic accounts are to be found in the Roman historians, who saw in the Jh patriots nothing more than fanatical tribesmen engaged in an unreasonable struggle against the majesty of Rome. And there is some interesting legendary embroidery in the Talmud, which adopted a distinctly pacifist attitude, finding its ideal not in those who carried on the struggle in the beleaguered city but in Rabbi Johanan ben Zakkai, who escaped to make his peace with the conqueror and secure the perpetuation of the Pharisaic academies. Finally, the Christian writers considered that the disaster of the year 70 was a natural punishment for the great crime committed by the Jh people thirty-seven years earlier by the crucifixion of Jesus, and that those whom God wished to destroy He had previously made mad.
  • 66 CE Livius -... in the third quarter of the first century, most people considered the high priesthood corrupt. The war of 66-70 was not only a war between the Romans and Jws, it was also a class struggle.... Rabbis like Yohanan ben Zakkai still counseled peace, making a distinction between obligatory and optional war. They were a minority, however, and most Jws prepared for a big war. ...
  • 66 CE ThoughtCo -... Ideological differences between the pagan Greco-Roman world and the Jh belief in one God were also at the heart of political tensions that eventually led to the revolt...Another upsetting aspect of the Roman occupation was the way it affected the High Priest, who served in the Temple and represented the Jh people on their holiest of days. Although Jws had always selected their High Priest, under Roman rule the Romans decided who would hold the position. As a result, it was often people who conspired with Rome that was appointed the High Priest role, thereby giving those trusted least by the Jh people the highest position in the community.... when Nero became the emperor, a governor named Florus convinced him to revoke Jws’ status as citizens of the Empire. This change in their status left them unprotected should any non- Jh citizens choose to harass them.... Then in the summer of the year 70 C.E. the Romans succeeded in breaching the walls of Jerusalem and began ransacking the city. On the ninth of Av, a day that is commemorated every year as the fast day of Tisha B’av, soldiers threw torches at the Temple and started an enormous fire. When the flames finally died out all that was left of the Second Temple was one outer wall, from the western side of the Temple’s courtyard. This wall still stands in Jerusalem today and is known as the Western Wall (Kotel HaMa’aravi).
  • 66 CE SimpletoRemeber -... Like the Greeks, the Romans worshipped many gods. Not only that, whenever they conquered a swath of land, they simply added the conquered peoples’ gods to the Roman pantheon. The Roman historian Varro writes that by the 1st century BCE they had in excess of 30,000 gods. The Jh idea of one invisible God, who demanded exclusive worship and could not be added to the big pot, was totally incomprehensible to the Romans. But more importantly, along with Jh beliefs went a lifestyle of obedience to a host of commandments that countered the Roman worldview.
  • 66 CE SimpletoRemeber -... The Jh reaction to the presence of the Romans - who were dominating the Holy Land and worshipping idols - had many faces. Hellenized and assimilated Jws. They welcomed the Roman presence and profited by it. They were angry with other Jws who resisted Roman domination. ... The Sadducees. For the most part, these were wealthy Jws who denied the Divine origin of the Oral Law. They dominated (and corrupted) the Temple hierarchy, and were willing to cooperate with the Romans to keep their power base. They saw other Jh factions as troublemakers.... The Pharisees. These were mainstream Jws who wanted nothing to do with the Romans, but they were pragmatic. They wanted Jdm to survive and short of giving up their religious principles were willing to make the best of the Roman domination. ... The Zealots: They were incensed at the Roman presence and were angry with other Jws whom they saw as actively or tacitly cooperating with the Romans... The Biryonim. This was the criminal element often masquerading under the guise of nationalism. They sided with the Zealots.... Unfortunately, we are seeing a very similar situation today. You don’t need to be a scholar of political science or have a PhD in sociology to realize that by far the biggest problem in the Land of Il, and the Jh world as a whole, is lack of unity which leads to divisiveness, infighting and even hatred. There are factions of Ashkenazim, Sephardim, secular, religious; among the religious there are the Hassidim, the Misnagdim, and the religious Zionists. A weakened, disunited Jh nation is easy prey for the both anti-Semites and the enemies of Il.
  • 66 Darkmoon “Alexandria, Egypt” Mob Attacks
  • 70 Darkmoon Jerusalem exp following revolt
  • 70 EretzY Il .....-..Titus took Jerusalem - second revolt. Over one million Jws killed.
  • 136 EretzY Il 580,000 men destroyed, 985 towns destroyed - third revolt. 
  • 250 Darkmoon Carthage exp
  • 224 Darkmoon Italy Forced Conversion
  • 306 AstroTemple..-..Council in Spain banned Christians & Jws meeting or marrying.
  • 325 AstroTemple..-..Constantine changed the celebration of Easter on the calendar so that it did not coincide with the Jh Passover. ..
  • 351 Darkmoon C.E Persia Book Burning
  • 357 Darkmoon Italy Property Confiscation
  • 379 AstroTemple..-..Vicious writing by St. John Chrysostom and St. Ambrose in Milan who said: "The Jws are the most worthless of all men. They are lecherous, greedy, rapacious. They are perfidious murderers of Christ. They worship the Devil. Their religion is a sickness. The Jws are the odious assassins of Christ and for killing God there is no expiation possible, no indulgence or pardon. Christians may never cease vengeance, and the Jw must live in servitude forever. God always hated the Jws. It is essential that all Christians hate them." He was called the Bishop with the Golden Tongue. St. Ambrose, Bishop of the Church offered to burn the synagogue himself.
  • 395 AstroTemple .....-..St. Gregory of Nyssa in sermons and writings characterized Jws as assassins of the Prophets, companions of the Devil, a race of vipers, a Sanhedrin of Demons, enemies of all that is beautiful, hogs and goats in their lewd grossness.
  • 415 AstroTemple... Bishop Severus BURNED THE SYNAGOGUE IN THE VILLAGE OF MAGONA. BISHOP OF
    ALEXANDRIA, ST. CYRIL EXPELLED JwS FROM ALEXANDRIA AND GAVE THE MOB Jh PROPERTY.
    ACCUSATION of Ritual murder by the Jws during Purim. Christians confiscated synagogues in ANTIOCH.
    These were not hooligans but Church Fathers!
    AUGUSTINE, JEROME, AMBROSE AND LESSER SAINTS AS ST. CHRYSOSTROM AND CYRIL, added to untruths the new ones that Jws were dishonest and prone to sexual perversions.
  • 415 C.E. DarkmoonAlexandria exp 418 C.E. Minorca Forced Conversion
  • 418 Darkmoon Minorca Forced Conversion
  • 500 Wikipedia Origins of Jdm... lie in the Bronze Age polytheistic Ancient Semitic religions, specifically Canaanite religion, a syncretization with elements of Babylonian religion and of the worship of Yahweh reflected in the early prophetic books of the Hebrew Bible. During the Iron Age I, the Israelite religion became distinct from other Canaanite religions due to the unique monolatristic (proto-monotheistic) worship of Yahweh. During the Babylonian captivity of the 6th and 5th centuries BCE (Iron Age II), certain circles within the exiled Judahites in Babylon redefined pre-existing ideas about monotheism, election, divine law and Covenant into a strict monotheistic theology which came to dominate the former Judah in the following centuries. From the 5th century BCE until 70 CE, Israelite religion developed into the various theological schools of Second Temple Jdm, besides Hellenistic Jdm in the diaspora. Second Temple Jdm was significantly influenced by Zoroastrianism. The text of the Hebrew Bible was redacted into its extant form in this period and possibly also canonized as well. Rabbinic Jdm developed during Late Antiquity, during the 3rd to 6th centuries CE; the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud were compiled in this period. The oldest manuscripts of the Masoretic tradition come from the 10th and 11th centuries CE; in the form of the Aleppo Codex of the later portions of the 10th century CE and the Leningrad Codex dated to 1008–1009 CE. Due largely to censoring and the burning of manuscripts in medieval Europe the oldest existing manuscripts of various rabbinical works are quite late. The oldest surviving complete manuscript copy of the Babylonian Talmud is dated to 1342 CE.
  • 717 AstroTemple .....-..Jws had to wear special yellow garb. Originated in Islam.
  • 8th Century ... In the 8th and 9th centuries AD, the center of Jewish life moved from Babylonia to Europe,
  • 1012 ... AstroTemple..-..Emperor Henry II of Germany expels Jws from Mainz, the beginning of persecutions against Jws in Germany.
  • 1096 ... AstroTemple..-..
  • First Crusade. Crusaders massacre the Jws of the Rhineland.
  • 1144 AstroTemple..-..First recorded blood libel. In Norwich it was alleged that the Jws had "bought a Christian child before Easter, tortured him with all the tortures wherewith our Lord was tortured and on Friday hanged him on a rood in hatred of our Lord." (England)
    This notorious allegation that Jws murder non-Jws, especially Christians, in order to obtain blood for the Passover or other rituals is a complex of deliberate lies, trumped up accusations, and popular beliefs about the murder-lust of the Jws and their blood-thirstiness, based on the conception that Jws hate Christianity and mankind in general. It is combined with the delusion that Jws are in some way not human and must have recourse to special remedies and subterfuges in order to appear at least outwardly, like other men. The blood libel led to trials and massacres of Jws. Its origin is rooted in ancient almost primordial, concepts concerning the potency and energies of blood. It is one of the most terrible expressions of human cruelty and credulity. These blood rituals are expressly forbidden in Jdm. (See Leviticus 17;11 etc.)
  • 1190 AstroTemple .....-..Massacre of Jws in England.
  • 1200 Wikipedia .....-..Kabbalah ... "received tradition" is an esoteric method, discipline, and school of thought that originated in Jdm... varies according to the tradition and aims of those following it, from its religious origin as an integral part of Jdm, to its later Christian, New Age, and Occultist/western esoteric syncretic adaptations. Kabbalah is a set of esoteric teachings meant to explain the relationship between an unchanging, eternal, and mysterious Ein Sof (infinity) and the mortal and finite universe (God's creation). While it is heavily used by some denominations, it is not a religious denomination in itself. It forms the foundations of mystical religious interpretation. Kabbalah seeks to define the nature of the universe and the human being, the nature and purpose of existence, and various other ontological questions. It also presents methods to aid understanding of the concepts and thereby attain spiritual realization.
  • 1215 AstroTemple .....-..The Jh badge introduced.
  • 1232 Inquisition ... an ecclesiastical tribunal established by Pope Gregory IX c. 1232 for the suppression of heresy. It was active chiefly in northern Italy and southern France, becoming notorious for the use of torture. In 1542 the papal Inquisition was re-established to combat Protestantism, eventually becoming an organ of papal government.
  • 1240 AstroTemple .....-..Talmud burned in France.
  • 1290 AstroTemple .....-..Jws expelled from England.
  • 1298 AstroTemple .....-..Massacre of thousands in Germany, in 146 localities.
  • 1300 Wikipedia .....-..Zohar ... The Zohar (Splendor) is the foundational work in the literature of Jewish mystical thought known as Kabbalah. It is a group of books including commentary on the mystical aspects of the Torah (the five books of Moses) and scriptural interpretations as well as material on mysticism, mythical cosmogony, and mystical psychology. The Zohar contains discussions of the nature of God, the origin and structure of the universe, the nature of souls, redemption, the relationship of Ego to Darkness and "true self" to "The Light of God", and the relationship between the "universal energy" and man. Its scriptural exegesis can be considered an esoteric form of the Rabbinic literature known as Midrash, which elaborates on the Torah. The Zohar is mostly written in what has been described as a cryptic, obscure style of Aramaic. Aramaic, the day-to-day language of Israel in the Second Temple period (539 BCE – 70 CE), was the original language of large sections of the biblical books of Daniel and Ezra, and is the main language of the Talmud. The Zohar first appeared in Spain in the 13th century, and was published by a Jewish writer named Moses de León. De León ascribed the work to Shimon bar Yochai ("Rashbi"), a rabbi of the 2nd century during the Roman persecution[4] who, according to Jewish legend, hid in a cave for thirteen years studying the Torah and was inspired by the Prophet Elijah to write the Zohar. This accords with the traditional claim by adherents that Kabbalah is the concealed part of the Oral Torah. While the traditional majority view in religious Jdm has been that the teachings of Kabbalah (lit. "tradition") were revealed by God to Biblical figures such as Abraham and Moses and were then transmitted orally from the Biblical era until their redaction by Shimon bar Yochai, modern academic analysis of the Zohar, such as that by the 20th century religious historian Gershom Scholem, has theorized that De Leon was the actual author.
  • 1306 AstroTemple .....-..exp from France.
  • 1348 AstroTemple .....-..JwS blamed for the BLACK DEATH. Charge laid to the Jws that they POISONED the wells to kill CHRISTIANS.
  • 1389 AstroTemple .....-..MASSACRES in Bohemia, Spain.
  • 1421 AstroTemple .....-..270 JwS BURNED AT THE STAKE. In the 14th and 15th centuries the Inquisition was more intense because the Church and State joined forces. Just being Jh guaranteed persecution
  • 1346 The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe in the years 1346–1353. Although there were several competing theories as to the cause of the Black Death, analyses of DNA from people in northern and southern Europe published in 2010 and 2011 indicate that the pathogen responsible was the Yersinia pestis bacterium, resulting in several forms of plague, including the bubonic plague. The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30–60% of Europe's total population. I
  • 1480 AstroTemple ... Inquisition in Spain - Jws and Christians burned at the stake.
  • 1483 AstroTemple ... expnsn from Warsaw, Sicily, Lithuania, Portugal.
  • 1492 AstroTemple ... ALL JwS EXPELLED FROM SPAIN.
  • 1506 AstroTemple
    Murders in Lisbon - 4000, "conversos", men, women, and children thrown from windows to street mobs below, due to preaching by Dominicans against the Jws.
  • 1510 AstroTemple
    EXPELLED from Brandenburg, Germany.
  • 1516 AstroTemple Venice initiates the ghetto, the first in Christian Europe.
  • 1542 Inquisition ... an ecclesiastical tribunal established by Pope Gregory IX c. 1232 for the suppression of heresy. It was active chiefly in northern Italy and southern France, becoming notorious for the use of torture. In 1542 the papal Inquisition was re-established to combat Protestantism, eventually becoming an organ of papal government.
  • 1544 AstroTemple ..-..The Reformation. At the end of Martin Luther's life the German reformer vilified the Jws in violent pamphlets which could not fail to exert their influence. But because Calvinists were steeped in Old Testament theology, the Dutch people respected the Jws as "the Chosen" people; and were not anti-Semitic in their faith. The reformation was a time of turmoil as the Roman Church and feudalism lost their supremacy. There was a rising up of Nationhood and Luther was a German nationalist. The Talmud was seized and burned everywhere by Papal authority. Jws in Catholic countries and Polish Jws suffered greatly. Luther's anti-Semitic writings were later used in anti-Semitic literature.
  • 1553 AstroTemple ..-..Rome seized and burned the Talmud by order of the POPE.
  • 1559 AstroTemple ..-..12,000 copies of Talmud burned in Milan.
  • 1569 AstroTemple ..-..POPE PIUS V ordered all Jws out of the Papal states.
  • 1593 AstroTemple ..-..expnsn from Italy and Bavaria.
  • 1598 AstroTemple ..-..Ritual murder charge that sent three Jws to their deaths. Execution of the supposed guilty was done by QUARTERING. (In his book the "Birth of the Prison" Michel Foucault describes at length the quartering of a condemned man in 1757. It was done eventually by six horses instead of the four original ones and other means had to come in to play due to the failure even of six horses as the prisoners limbs were tied to ropes harnessed to the horses. Each horse pulled in a different direction. One horse fell to the ground unsuccessfully. Knives had to be used for severing...)
  • 1614 AstroTemple ..-..JwS attacked and driven out of Frankfurt, Germany.
  • 1624 AstroTemple ..-..GHETTO established in Ferrara, Italy.
  • 1648 AstroTemple ..-..Leader of the Cossacks, in the Ukraine massacres 100,000 Jws and destroyed 300 communities.
  • 1655 AstroTemple ..-..Massacres of Jws in war against Sweden & Russia by Poland.
  • 1715 AstroTemple ..-..POPE PIUS VI issues edict against Jws.
  • 1768 AstroTemple ..-..20,000 Jws in Poland killed.
  • 1805 AstroTemple ..-..MASSACRE of Jws in Algeria.
  • 1819 Wikipedia.... Hep Hep Riots ... from August to October 1819 were pogroms against Ashkenazi Jews, beginning in the Kingdom of Bavaria, during the period of Jewish emancipation in the German Confederation. The antisemitic communal violence began on August 2, 1819 in Würzburg and soon reached the outer regions of the German Confederation. Many Jews were killed and much Jewish property was destroyed....The riots took place in a period of heightened political and social tension, shortly following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and the great famine of 1816-17, and on the eve of the repressive Carlsbad Decrees.[2] In many German cities, emancipation of the Jews had only begun in recent years, after centuries of living in the countries of Central Europe as non-citizens with restricted rights. The status of Jews varied throughout the 36 independent German states and free cities; some had revoked the recent Napoleonic era emancipation edicts, others maintained them officially but ignored them in practice. In most German territories, Jews were excluded from posts in public administration and the army and forbidden to hold teaching positions in schools and universities.
  • 1840 AstroTemple ..-..BLOOD LIBEL in DAMASCUS.
  • 1853 AstroTemple ..-..BLOOD LIBEL in RUSSIA.
  • 1858 AstroTemple THE MORTARA CASE: Catholics abduct a 7 yr. old Jh child. A Catholic servant baptized a Jh child when the child was seriously ill and the church of Rome seized the child. Outcry had no effect on the POPE.
  • 1858 NatharatMouchricka ... political movement called Zionism. In 1862, Moses Hess, teacher of Karl Marx and the spiritual father of both Zionism and Communism, wrote Rome and Jerusalem. In it, he expressed the familiar Talmudic values. We Jews shall always remain strangers among the Goyim [Gentiles]. . . . It is a fact the Jewish religion is above all Jewish nationalism. . . . Each and every Jew, whether or not he wishes it, is automatically, by virtue of his birth, bound in solidarity with his entire nation. . . . One must be a Jew first and human being second.
  • 1864 BibleBelievers Ullyses Grant quote: "I have long since believed that in spite of all the vigilance that can be infused into post commanders, the specie regulations of the Treasury Department have been violated, and that mostly by the Jws and other unprincipled traders. So well satisfied have I been of this that I instructed the commanding officer at Columbus to refuse all permits to Jws to come South, and I have frequently had them expelled from the department. But they come in with their carpet-sacks in spite of all that can be done to prevent it. The Jws seem to be a privileged class that can travel anywhere. They will land at any woodyard on the river and make their way through the country. If not permitted to buy cotton themselves, they will act as agents for someone else, who will be at a military post with a Treasury permit to receive cotton and pay for it in Treasury notes which the Jw will buy at an agreed rate, paying gold." Also, on December 17, 1862, General Ulysses S. Grant issued General Orders No. 11. This order banished all Jws from Tennessee's western military. General Orders No. 11 declared: "1. The Jws, as a class, violating every regulation of trade established by the Treasury Department, are hereby expelled from the Department. "2. Within 24 hours from the receipt of this order by Post Commanders, they will see that all of this class of people are furnished with passes required to leave, and anyone returning after such notification, will be arrested and held in confinement until an opportunity occurs of sending them out as prisoners, unless furnished with permits from these headquarters. "3. No permits will be given these people to visit headquarters for the purpose of making personal application for trade permits. "By order of Major Gen. Grant.
  • 1879 AstroTemple ..-..Word anti-Semitism comes into existence.
  • 1881 AstroTemple ..-..POGROMS BEGAN. The word is of Russian origin. It designates attack, accompanied by destruction, looting of property, murder, rape. There were three major outbreaks in Russia. The word designates more particularly the attacks carried out by the Christian population. Each pogrom surpassed the other in savagery.
    KIEV, ODESSA; Here murder of whole families was a common occurrence. Partial data are available for 530 communities in which 887 major pogroms and 349 minor pogroms occurred. There were 60,000 dead and several times that many were wounded.
  • 1882 AstroTemple ..-..FIRST ANTI- Jh CONGRESS HELD. In Dresden, Germany.
  • 1894 AstroTemple ..-..ALFRED DREYFUS TRIAL in France. Details follow further on in this summary.
  • 1903 AstroTemple ..-..APPEARANCE of a new issue of the PROTOCOLS OF THE ELDERS OF ZION. In Russia.
    This spectre of a worldwide Jh conspiracy aiming at reducing the Gentiles to slavery or extermination loomed up in the medieval Christian imagination and grew out of legends about well poisonings and plague spreading. It was concocted in Paris by an unknown author working for the Russian secret police. It was an alleged conference of the leaders of World Jwry. It was translated into all the world languages. In 1963 a Spanish edition was published. During World War II, the Protocols of the elders of Zion became an implicit justification for the GENOCIDE of the Jws and Nazi propaganda relied on them until the last days of the Third Reich. Smaller pamphlets of it have been distributed in B.C. 1983 published in California... Required reading in most Arab countries, in schools, to this day.
  • 1903 Wikipedia ... Kishinev Pogrom...were an anti-Jewish riot that took place in Kishinev, then the capital of the Bessarabia Governorate in the Russian Empire, on April 19 and 20, 1903, and a second, smaller riot that erupted in October 1905
  • 1905 Wikipedia ... Kishinev Pogrom ... were an anti-Jewish riot that took place in Kishinev, then the capital of the Bessarabia Governorate in the Russian Empire, on April 19 and 20, 1903, and a second, smaller riot that erupted in October 1905 ... The Russian ambassador to the United States, Count Arthur Cassini, characterised the first outbreak as a reaction of financially hard-pressed peasants to Jewish creditors in an interview on May 18, 1903: The situation in Russia, so far as the Jews are concerned is just this: It is the peasant against the money lender, and not the Russians against the Jews. There is no feeling against the Jew in Russia because of religion. It is as I have said—the Jew ruins the peasants, with the result that conflicts occur when the latter have lost all their worldly possessions and have nothing to live upon.
  • 1905 AstroTemple ..-..Russian pogroms continue. Also in Morocco, Ukraine, 300 dead.
  • 1919 AstroTemple ..-..3000 Jws killed in Hungarian pogroms.
  • 1920 AstroTemple ..-..Appearance of ADOLPH HITLER. Also Henry Ford the 1st believes the Protocols; and publishes anti- Jh articles in his newspaper, the Dearborn Independent.
  • 1925 AstroTemple ..-..MEIN KAMPH appears. Hitler's Plan published in Germany.
  • 1933 AstroTemple ..-..HITLER appointed chancellor in Germany.
  • 1935 AstroTemple ..-..Hitler writes his Nuremberg Laws which lead to his Final Solution.
  • 1938 AstroTemple ..-..Burning in AUSTRIA & GERMANY of Synagogues. Jws sent to concentration camps. Beginnings of the Holocaust.
  • 1939 AstroTemple ..-..Germany overruns Poland.
  • 1940 AstroTemple ..-..Gassing, shootings in Polish Ghettos ( Jh).
  • 1941 AstroTemple ..-..exp of Jws from the German Reich to Poland. Riots against Jws in Iraq.
  • 1942 AstroTemple ..-..Mass transports of Jws to Belgium & Holland.
  • 1944 AstroTemple ..-..EXTERMINATION OF HUNGARIAN JwS.
  • 1945 AstroTemple ..-..HOLOCAUST Final Count: 6,000,000 Jws slaughtered.
  • 1946 AstroTemple ..-..Pogroms in Poland - 42 Jws murdered.
  • 1948 AstroTemple ..-..BIRTH OF THE STATE OF Il. Also Jh intellectuals shot in Russia.
  • 1952 AstroTemple ..-..Jws murdered byCommunists, and others disappear. Prague trials. Murder of Yiddish intellectuals in Russia and many sent to work camps..
  • 1956 AstroTemple ..-..Jws expelled out of EGYPT.
  • 1967 AstroTemple ..-..SIX DAY WAR. Also new publication of Elders of Zion in Arabic.
  • 1968 AstroTemple ..-..Emigration of last remaining Jws in Poland.
  • 1969 AstroTemple ..-..JwS EXECUTED IN IRAQ.
  • 1970 AstroTemple ..-..Beginning of imprisonment in Russia of PRISONERS OF CONSCIENCE. ("Refuseniks")
  • 1980 AstroTemple ..-..Russian imprisonments carry on throughout the 70's to the 80's.
  • 1982 AstroTemple ... ..-..War in Lebanon begins after many years of terrorist attacks against the Jws in the Upper Galilee area from the vantage point of Beaufort Castle. Many Lebanese killed over long period of time, but was ignored by the News Media. War in Lebanon gets slanted coverage.
  • 1983 AstroTemple ... ..-..Word from Christians in Il that the PLO planned their next battleground to be Canada via Quebec. Documented proof that Russia planned in 1982 to attack Il.
  • Contra Judeos
  • key: Jw, Jws, Judaism-Jdm, expns: expulsions, expn
 
BibleBelievers Ullyses Grant quote: "I have long since believed that in spite of all the vigilance that can be infused into post commanders, the specie regulations of the Treasury Department have been violated, and that mostly by the Jws and other unprincipled traders. So well satisfied have I been of this that I instructed the commanding officer at Columbus to refuse all permits to Jws to come South, and I have frequently had them expelled from the department. But they come in with their carpet-sacks in spite of all that can be done to prevent it. The Jws seem to be a privileged class that can travel anywhere. They will land at any woodyard on the river and make their way through the country. If not permitted to buy cotton themselves, they will act as agents for someone else, who will be at a military post with a Treasury permit to receive cotton and pay for it in Treasury notes which the Jw will buy at an agreed rate, paying gold." Also, on December 17, 1862, General Ulysses S. Grant issued General Orders No. 11. This order banished all Jws from Tennessee's western military. General Orders No. 11 declared: "1. The Jws, as a class, violating every regulation of trade established by the Treasury Department, are hereby expelled from the Department. "2. Within 24 hours from the receipt of this order by Post Commanders, they will see that all of this class of people are furnished with passes required to leave, and anyone returning after such notification, will be arrested and held in confinement until an opportunity occurs of sending them out as prisoners, unless furnished with permits from these headquarters. "3. No permits will be given these people to visit headquarters for the purpose of making personal application for trade permits. "By order of Major Gen. Grant.

 

Jh exp History    top    

  REFERENCE  
  • BibleBelievers ... 109 Locations whence Jws have been Expelled since AD250
  • Father's Manifesto.net Jws expelled 1000 times ... Let's Discuss Mass exp of Jws from US. Nazis Evacuated Two Million Jws from German Territory. It Was Jws Who Reshaped US Immigration Policy, to our Detriment.
  • FreeThoughtNation ...
  • Haaretz ... This Day in Jh History 1278: All Jws of England Arrested in 'Coin-clipping' Scandal Some 680 Jws detained in the Tower of London, with more than 300 subsequently executed, on suspicion of coin clipping. All Jws were eventually expelled from Britain in 1290.
  • Rense .
  • notes Younger Dryas ... Wikipedia coverup of comet impact on North American Ice Sheet? ...The Younger Dryas is a climatic event from c. 12,900 to c. 11,700 calendar years ago (BP). It is named after an indicator genus, the alpine-tundra wildflower Dryas octopetala, as its leaves are occasionally abundant in the Late Glacial, often minerogenic-rich, like the lake sediments of Scandinavian lakes. The Younger Dryas saw a sharp decline in temperature over most of the Northern Hemisphere, at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, immediately before the current, warmer Holocene. The Younger Dryas was the most recent and longest of several interruptions to the gradual warming of the Earth's climate since the severe Last Glacial Maximum, c. 27,000 to 24,000 calendar years BP. The change was relatively sudden, taking place in decades, and it resulted in a decline of 2 to 6 degrees Celsius and advances of glaciers and drier conditions, over much of the temperate northern hemisphere. It is thought to have been caused by a decline in the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, which transports warm water from the Equator towards the North Pole, in turn thought to have been caused by an influx of fresh cold water from North America to the Atlantic. The Younger Dryas was a period of climatic change, but the effects were complex and variable. In the Southern Hemisphere and some areas of the Northern Hemisphere, such as southeastern North America, there was a slight warming.[1] The presence of a distinct cold period at the end of the Late Glacial interval has been known for a long time. Paleobotanical and lithostratigraphic studies of Swedish and Danish bog and lake sites, like in the Allerød clay pit in Denmark, first recognized and described the Younger Dryas..

 

Summary
  • Mainstream Jh publications promote lists of expns to disengenuously elicit sympathy. They omit any reference to why Jws were expelled, which universally involves abuse of usery, domination of academic, legal, finance entities in the country which they were expelled from. They successfully attempt to conflate racism with the hatred attached to their reputation.
  • ElectronicIntifada debate anti Zionism Anti Semitism
  • Chronology below
  • FreeThoughtNation ... ancient Egyptian roots of monotheism
  • Beneath the Pyramids
  • DublinsMick 11,000 year old civilizations, Edgar Cayce
  • Father's Manifesto.net Jws expelled 1000 times ... Let's Discuss Mass exp of Jws from US. Nazis Evacuated Two Million Jws from German Territory. It Was Jws Who Reshaped US Immigration Policy, to our Detriment.
  • BibleBelievers ... 109 Locations whence Jws have been Expelled since AD250
  • Carpetbaggers were Jh ... Grant quote: "I have long since believed that in spite of all the vigilance that can be infused into post commanders, the specie regulations of the Treasury Department have been violated, and that mostly by the Jws and other unprincipled traders. So well satisfied have I been of this that I instructed the commanding officer at Columbus to refuse all permits to Jws to come South, and I have frequently had them expelled from the department. But they come in with their carpet-sacks in spite of all that can be done to prevent it. The Jws seem to be a privileged class that can travel anywhere. They will land at any woodyard on the river and make their way through the country. If not permitted to buy cotton themselves, they will act as agents for someone else, who will be at a military post with a Treasury permit to receive cotton and pay for it in Treasury notes which the Jw will buy at an agreed rate, paying gold."
  • Coin clipping, sweating (shaking coins in a bag and collecting the dust... Jh connections occur more than any other group... In 1278 300 of 680 Jws were executed for coin clipping... all Jws expelled in 1290
  • “Jws are the sponges of kings, they are bloodsuckers of Christian purses, by whose robbery kings despoil and deprive poor men of their goods.” —William de Montibus
  • Haaretz ... This Day in Jh History 1278: All Jws of England Arrested in 'Coin-clipping' Scandal Some 680 Jws detained in the Tower of London, with more than 300 subsequently executed, on suspicion of coin clipping. All Jws were eventually expelled from Britain in 1290.
  • Aish Jh timeline ... a whitewash of the real facts about Jh history
  • Glen Beck Jh expns history
  • EretzY Il History of Jh expns ... In pre-Roman times most people did not read or write. At times, Rome tried to eradicate Jdm and " Jhness". Followers were assumed to be treasonous and subversive. This in turn led to major revolts on the part of the Jh community. The following is a brief summary of Incidents involving Jws in History... 135 B.C Antiochus Epiphanes desecrates Second Jh Temple; leading to Hasmonean Revolt against the Greeks.
  • JwFaq Jh101
  • Jh Currents ... Medieval Christians were forbidden by Church law from lending money at interest, so much of the money-lending industry was concentrated in Jh hands. This profited the king, who needed financial credit and also plundered Jh wealth through levies and confiscations. (If a Jw died with monies owed, the King had the right to collect the debt.)...
  • Jpost ... unprecedented and well-preserved 7,000-yearold compound recently unearthed in northern Jerusalem from the Chalcolithic period, or Copper Age, proves there was “a thriving settlement in the Jerusalem area in ancient times,” the Antiquities Authority announced on Wednesday. Archaeologists from the authority discovered the remains, dating back to the fifth millennium BCE, ahead of the laying of a road in the Shuafat neighborhood. Be the first to know - Join our Facebook page. According to Dr. Omry Barzilai, head of the authority’s Prehistory Branch, the Chalcolithic period is known in the Negev, the Coastal Plain and the Galilee and on the Golan, but has been almost completely absent in the Judean Hills and Jerusalem. “Although in recent years we have discovered a few traces of Chalcolithic settlements, such as those at Abu Ghosh, Motza junction and the Holyland Compound in Jerusalem, they have been extremely sparse,” he said. “Now, for the first time, we have discovered significant remains from 7,000 years ago.”
  • Solomon, David Jh Philosophy in one hour
  • YouTube Gnosis - Secrets of the Kaballah
  • YouTube Jh History in one hour
  • YouTube Mysteries of the Bible (part 1), monotheism
 
  • Wikipedia ... The Neolithic period appears to have begun when the peoples of the Natufian culture, which spread across present-day Syria, Israel and Lebanon, began to practice agriculture. This Neolithic Revolution has been linked to the cold period known as the Younger Dryas. This agriculture in the Levant is the earliest known to have been practiced. The Neolithic period in this region is dated 8500–4300 BCE and the Chalcolithic 4300–3300 BCE. The term "Natufian" was coined by Dorothy Garrod in 1928, after identifying an archaeological sequence at Wadi al-Natuf which included a Late Levallois-Mousterian layer and a stratified deposit, the Mesolithic of Palestine, which contained charcoal traces and a microlithic flint tool industry.[3] Natufian sites in Israel include Ain Mallaha, el-Wad, Ein Gev, Hayonim cave, Nahal Oren and Kfar HaHoresh.
  • Ezzat, Dr. Ashraf.. the earliest vestiges of human faith in God, as we know it today, are to be traced back to the valley of the River Nile and the one between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. We’re surely to find the root of our belief in a supreme creator inscribed, in hieroglyphs and cuneiform, on the pyramids and papyri of ancient Egypt and on the clay tablets of Sumer … And not within the confines of the Hebrew Bible, as many still believe... “A lot of the stories in the Old Testament are in fact plagiarized material, particularly from the rich mythical heritage of the Sumerians – the inventors of writing. The story of Noah and the flood story, the creation of man out of clay, Cain and Abel, the gardens of Eden, the tree of knowledge, creation of Eve from Adams rib, and numerous other myths, like the throwing of Moses in the river after he was born, are all but stories found recorded on Sumerian clay tablets dating 5000 years back in time”
  • BibleHub ... Conflict Between the Christians and Jews at Alexandria: and Breach Between the Bishop Cyril and the Prefect Orestes. The Ecclesiastical History of Scholasticus — Socrates Scholasticus About this same time it happened that the Jewish inhabitants were driven out of Alexandria by Cyril the bishop on the following account. The Alexandrian public is more delighted with tumult than any other people: and if at any time it should find a pretext, breaks forth into the most intolerable excesses; for it never ceases from its turbulence without bloodshed. It happened on the present occasion that a disturbance arose among the populace, not from a cause of any serious importance, but out of an evil that has become very popular in almost all cities, viz. a fondness for dancing exhibitions. [940] In consequence of the Jews being disengaged from business on the Sabbath, and spending their time, not in hearing the Law, but in theatrical amusements, dancers usually collect great crowds on that day, and disorder is almost invariably produced. And although this was in some degree controlled by the governor of Alexandria, nevertheless the Jews continued opposing these measures. And although they are always hostile toward the Christians they were roused to still greater opposition against them on account of the dancers. When therefore Orestes the prefect was publishing an edict -- for so they are accustomed to call public notices -- in the theatre for the regulation of the shows, some of the bishop Cyril's party were present to learn the nature of the orders about to be issued. There was among them a certain Hierax, a teacher of the rudimental branches of literature, and one who was a very enthusiastic listener of the bishop Cyril's sermons, and made himself conspicuous by his forwardness in applauding. When the Jews observed this person in the theatre, they immediately cried out that he had come there for no other purpose than to excite sedition among the people. Now Orestes had long regarded with jealousy the growing power of the bishops, because they encroached on the jurisdiction of the authorities appointed by the emperor, especially as Cyril wished to set spies over his proceedings; he therefore ordered Hierax to be seized, and publicly subjected him to the torture in the theatre. Cyril, on being informed of this, sent for the principal Jews, and threatened them with the utmost severities unless they desisted from their molestation of the Christians. The Jewish populace on hearing these menaces, instead of suppressing their violence, only became more furious, and were led to form conspiracies for the destruction of the Christians; one of these was of so desperate a character as to cause their entire expulsion from Alexandria; this I shall now describe. Having agreed that each one of them should wear a ring on his finger made of the bark of a palm branch, for the sake of mutual recognition, they determined to make a nightly attack on the Christians. They therefore sent persons into the streets to raise an outcry that the church named after Alexander was on fire. Thus many Christians on hearing this ran out, some from one direction and some from another, in great anxiety to save their church. The Jews immediately fell upon and slew them; readily distinguishing each other by their rings. At daybreak the authors of this atrocity could not be concealed: and Cyril, accompanied by an immense crowd of people, going to their synagogues -- for so they call their house of prayer -- took them away from them, and drove the Jews out of the city, permitting the multitude to plunder their goods. Thus the Jews who had inhabited the city from the time of Alexander the Macedonian were expelled from it, stripped of all they possessed, and dispersed some in one direction and some in another. One of them, a physician [941] named Adamantius, fled to Atticus bishop of Constantinople, and professing Christianity, some time afterwards returned to Alexandria and fixed his residence there. But Orestes the governor of Alexandria was filled with great indignation at these transactions, and was excessively grieved that a city of such magnitude should have been suddenly bereft of so large a portion of its population; he therefore at once communicated the whole affair to the emperor. Cyril also wrote to him, describing the outrageous conduct of the Jews; and in the meanwhile sent persons to Orestes who should mediate concerning a reconciliation: for this the people had urged him to do. And when Orestes refused to listen to friendly advances, Cyril extended toward him the book of gospels, [942] believing that respect for religion would induce him to lay aside his resentment. When, however, even this had no pacific effect on the prefect, but he persisted in implacable hostility against the bishop, the following event afterwards occurred.